1. Lithium primary battery
Also referred to as primary lithium batteries, these power sources are commonly used in electronic devices that require low energy consumption, such as cameras. They can be discharged continuously or intermittently until they are depleted, at which point they become unusable. Lithium primary batteries have an extended shelf life of up to 3 years due to their minimal self-discharge rate. To optimize their performance, it is advisable to store them in cool environments, and refrigeration can further enhance their longevity. It is important to note that lithium primary batteries should not be confused with lithium-ion batteries, as the former cannot be recharged and attempting to charge them can be extremely hazardous.
2. Lithium-ion battery
A secondary lithium battery, which is also known as a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, has the ability to maintain its charge for over six months at 20°C, thanks to its low rate of self-discharge. Furthermore, it can recover most of its capacity even after being stored.
To prevent damage to the internal structure and decrease the life of lithium batteries, it is essential to understand the phenomenon of self-discharge. When the battery voltage is below 3.6V for an extended period, it can lead to over-discharging. Thus, it is crucial to recharge long-term lithium batteries every 3 to 6 months to a voltage of between 3.8V to 3.9V for optimal storage voltage. It is recommended to maintain the battery at a depth of discharge between 40% to 60%, avoiding overcharging. Additionally, store batteries in a dry environment within a temperature range of 4°C to 35°C, and avoid direct sunlight or heat exposure. Moisture-proof packaging also helps extend lithium battery shelf life.
Lithium batteries exhibit a broad spectrum of operating temperatures, making them suitable for outdoor usage even during cold winters in the northern regions. However, it is important to note that their capacity significantly declines under such conditions. Nevertheless, once these batteries are brought back to room temperature, their capacity can be fully restored.